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Close up of Aspergillus oryzae is a filamentous fungus, or mold that is used in food production, such as in soybean fermentation under the microscope in laboratory.

Mushroom at Lake O'Hara in 1996. From old film stock.

Close up of white flowers of whorled milkweed, Asclepias verticillata. Doolittle Prairie, Story County, Iowa, USA.

Crisped and twisted leaves of Ulota crispa, a moss in Connecticut, at 20x magnification.

The fruticulous lichen Ramalina farinacea on a branch in a beech forest

$Cladonia is a genus of moss-like lichens in the family Cladoniaceae. They are the primary food source for reindeer/caribou. Cladonia species are of economic importance to reindeer-herders, such as the Sami in Scandinavia or the Nenets in Russia. Antibiotic compounds are extracted from some species to create antibiotic cream. The light green species Cladonia stellaris is used in flower decorations. \nAlthough the phylogeny of the genus Cladonia is still under investigation, two main morphological groups are commonly differentiated by taxonomists: the Cladonia morpho-type and the Cladina morpho-type. The Cladonia morpho-type has many more species, and is generally described as a group of squamulose (grow from squamules), cup-bearing lichens. The Cladina morpho-types are often referred to as forage lichens, mat-forming lichens, or reindeer lichens (due to their importance as caribou winter forage). \nCladonia perforata (\$

Peat moss, sphagnum moss, close-up, from above, on black background. Also known as bog or quacker moss. Decayed and dried it is used in gardening as soil conditioner, to hold more water and nutrients.

Vietnamese Mossy Frog camouflaged on mossy background

Three-forked Emerald Carpet (Azorella Trifurcata) in London, England

Green moss (Pleurozium schreberi), for backgrounds or textures

Leaves and flowers of the Chilean endemic, evergreen shrub called Vautro (Baccharis macraei), growing on sand dunes close to the ocean near Santo Domingo in central Chile. The species has succulent leaves and is adapted to very low water requirements.

Marchantia polymorpha liverwort, close up shot, local focus

$Medium to tall, rather bristly biennial; stem erect, purple or purple spotted. Leaves 2-3 pinnate, dark green, but eventually turning purple; leaflets oval, toothed. Flowers white, 2mm, in compound umbels which are nodding in bud, the petals hairless; bracts usually absent, bracteoles hairy. Fruit oblong, tapered towards the apex, 4-7mm, often purple.\nHabitat: Rough grassland, semi shaded places, on well drained soils, generally in low attitudes.\nFlowering Season: May-July.\nDistribution: Throughout Europe; absent from the Faeroes, Iceland, Norway, Finland and Spitsbergen.\n\nThis is a common Species in the Netherlands for the described Habitats.\nToxicity:\nChaerophyllum temulum contains (mainly in the upper parts and fruits) a volatile alkaloid chaerophylline, as well as other (probably glycosidally bound) toxins, the chemistry and pharmacology of which has, as yet, been but little studied. Externally, the sap of the plant can cause inflammation of the skin and persistent rashes. If consumed, the plant causes gastro-intestinal inflammation, drowsiness, vertigo and cardiac weakness. Human poisonings have seldom been observed, because the plant lacks aromatic essential oils that could lead to its being confused with edible umbellifers used to flavour food. It is, however, used occasionally in folk medicine. Animal poisonings by the plant are commoner than those of humans, pigs and cattle thus intoxicated exhibiting a staggering gait, unsteady stance, apathy and severe, exhausting colic, ending sometimes in death. \nHerbal medicine:\nChaerophyllum temulum has been used in folk medicine, in small doses, to treat arthritis, dropsy, and chronic skin complaints, and as a spring tonic. The early modern physician Boerhaave (1668–1738) once successfully used a decoction of the herb combined with Sarsaparilla to treat a woman suffering from leprosy – in the course of which treatment temporary blindness was a severe side effect following each dose (source Wikipedia).$

Yellow slime mold, also called dog vomit slime mold, Physarum polycephalum, growing over a fallen log in the Belding Wildlife Management Area of Vernon, Connecticut.

Dumortier's liverwort moss (Kezenigoke) grows in moist riverside soil (Natural+flash light, macro close-up photography)

Cowparsley and butter cup flowering together

group of frictions of the lichen cladonia that seem to dance.

Garden flower plants eaten away by caterpillars insect pests

close up of a branch with lichen and moss.

Close up of mosquito fern, Azolla filiculoides, completely covering a small pond. California.

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