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These galls are produced by tiny Cynipid wasps, which go through a complicated life cycle involving two stages of development. In June, a generation of male and female wasps hatch from currant galls. The adults mate and the female lays fertilized eggs on the undersides of  oak leaves. These cause the creation of the spangle galls, in which the grub matures. The spangle galls fall from the leaves in September and the wasp continues to grow within the leaf litter, producing a female-only generation in the following spring.
Selective focus on gall mite, Aceria Quercina, on kermes oak with discolored leaf
Oak leaf with galls of Gall wasp, close-up.
Leaf Galls on a eucalyptus leaf
close up parasite on plumeria leaf
This is a common spangle gall on an Oak leaf, caused by the cynipid wasp Neuroterus quercusbaccarum. The gall is induced by an adult wasp, it provides a nutrient source for the larvae developing within.
Oak gall on a oak tree
Colorful autumn leaves.
Red, crowned galls of the cone gall aphid on a witch hazel leaf, Hamamelis virginiana, in springtime at Blackledge Falls Park in Glastonbury, Connecticut.
A single fruit capsule of a Coliguay Tree (Colliguaja odorifera) in late winter in central Chile, near the capital Santiago.  The developing fruit has been invaded by the tiny Chalcid wasp, Aprostocetus colliguayae, that has caused a swollen gall to develop and protect the growing wasp larvae, effectively sterilising the fruit capsule of the Coliguay plant.
Gall wasps are insects that lay their eggs in plant tissue. This is where growths, known as Gqallen, develop. The larvae of the gall wasps grow in these growths. Most species of gall wasps occur in the Mediterranean region and on the Black Sea, there are no gall wasps in the tropics.
Close-up of an eucalyptus leaf with Mycosphaerellaceae
Gall on a grape (Vitis sp.) leaf in summer.
Sessile Oak (Quercus petraea) - Küre Mountains National Park
galls on a leaf of a dicotyledonous tree caused by wasps of the cynipidae family
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Diseased sycamore tree leaves in close up in late summer.
Lot of Shirodamotamabae fly larva galls on a large white leaf of Japanese Shirodamo tree (Neolitsea sericea (Blume) Koidz, Wildlife closeup macro photograph)
Large puffy, white aphids being farmed by small black ants on tree branch
Natural closeup on a Silk Button Gall of Neuroterus numismalis wasp on the underside of an Oak leave
Blauglockenbaum - Paulownia tomentosa
The twig, buds and flower gall of a One-leaved ash tree (Fraxinus excelsior 'Diversifolia') in July
Leaf. macro photography
Japanese grape tree or Japanese grape, Hovenia dulcis loaded with fruits in a farm in Brazil
Tiny acorns growing on an oak tree in a forest.
A group of three Oak Galls, or Oak Apples, on a small young oak tree. Taken in a woodland in West Yorkshire, UK, with a Canon EOS 700d digital camera.
Picking pears in plantation avoiding the bad ones
Oak leaf with galls caused by Neuroterus quercusbaccarum insect (family Cynipidae), isolated on white background, copy space
View of an acorn plant.
Free Images: "bestof:Neuroterus numismalis (gall wasp) induced Silk button spangle galls on oak, Arnhem, the Netherlands.jpg 51 945058 5 852473 en Neuroterus numismalis gall wasp"
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Oak_leaf_gall;_Keys_(Desert_Queen)_Ranch.jpg
Bombylius major (Large bee fly) in flight, Arnhem, the Netherlands.JPG
Neuroterus numismalis (gall wasp) induced Silk button spangle galls on oak, Arnhem, the Netherlands.jpg
Knopper gall on oak (Quercus robur) induced by Andricus quercuscalicis (gall wasp), Arnhem, the Netherlands.jpg
Knopper gall on oak (Quercus robur), induced by Andricus quercuscalicis (gall wasp), Arnhem, the Netherlands.jpg
Neuroterus numismalis (Neuroterus sp.) gall, Elst (Gld), the Netherlands.jpg
Neuroterus quercusbaccarum (Gall wasp sp.) gall, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.jpg
Neuroterus quercusbaccarum (Gall wasp sp.) gall, Nijmegen, the Netherlands - 2.jpg
Neuroterus albipes (Gall wasp sp.) gall, Mook, the Netherlands.jpg
Diastrophus rubi (Gall wasp sp.) gall, Arnhem, the Netherlands.JPG
Andricus quercuscalicis (gall wasp) larva inside Knopper gall, Arnhem, the Netherlands.jpg
Diplolepis rosae (gall wasp) induced rose bedeguar,Robin's pincushion or moss gall, Westenschouwen, the Netherlands.jpg
Common Spangle gall.JPG
Common Spangle gall - detail.JPG
Diplolepis rosae (Gall wasp sp.), Arnhem, the Netherlands.jpg
Neuroterus albipes (Tephritidae) gall, Molenhoek, the Netherlands.jpg
Neuroterus albipes (Neuroterus) gall, Elst (Gld), the Netherlands.jpg
Neuroterus quercusbaccarum (Neuroterus sp.) gall, Elst (Gld), the Netherlands.jpg
Biorhiza pallida (Gall wasp sp.) gall, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.jpg
Urophora cardui (Thistle Gall Fly) gall induced in Cirsium arvense (Creeping Thistle), Arnhem, the Netherlands.jpg
Puccinia urticata (Nettle Clustercup Rust fungus) induced gall on Urtica sp. (Nettle) Arnhem, the Netherlands.jpg
Pontania bella (sawfly sp.) induced gall on Salix aurita (eared willow), Arnhem, the Netherlands.JPG
Eriophyes inangulis (mite sp.) induced alder vein angle gall on Alnus (Alder), Arnhem, the Netherlands.jpg
The_Oak_(Marshall_Ward)_Fig_51.jpg
Pontania proxima (Willow Sawfly) induced gall on willowleaf, Arhnem, the Netherlands.jpg
Smooth Spangle Gall.JPG
Common Spangle Gall - leaf upper.JPG
Q. robur with Smooth Spangle Gall.JPG
Oyster Gall on Oak leaf.JPG
Aceria macrochela (Acari sp.) gall, Arnhem, the Netherlands.jpg
Aculus magnirostris (Acari sp.) gall, Arnhem, the Netherlands.jpg
Aculus tetanothrix (Acari sp.) gall, Arnhem, the Netherlands.jpg
Dysaphis crataegi (Aphididae sp.) gall, Arnhem, the Netherlands.jpg
Rabdophaga rosaria (Diptera sp.) gall, Arnhem, the Netherlands.jpg
Rhopalomyia tanaceticola (Diptera sp.) gall, Arnhem, the Netherlands - 2.jpg
Rhopalomyia tanaceticola (Diptera sp.) gall, Arnhem, the Netherlands - 3.jpg
Rhopalomyia tanaceticola (Diptera sp.) gall, Arnhem, the Netherlands - 4.jpg
Rhopalomyia tanaceticola (Diptera sp.) gall, Arnhem, the Netherlands.jpg
Aceria genistae (Eriophyidae sp.) gall, Arnhem, the Netherlands.jpg
Rhopalomyia tanaceticola (Cecidomyiidae sp.) gall, Arnhem, the Netherlands - 2.jpg
Rhopalomyia tanaceticola (Cecidomyiidae sp.) gall, Arnhem, the Netherlands.jpg
Cryptosiphum artemisiae (Aphididae sp.) gall, Arnhem, the Netherlands - 2.jpg
Cryptosiphum artemisiae (Aphididae sp.) gall, Arnhem, the Netherlands.jpg
Cystiphora sonchi (Cecidomyiidae sp.) gall, Arnhem, the Netherlands - 2.jpg
Cystiphora sonchi (Cecidomyiidae sp.) gall, Arnhem, the Netherlands.jpg
Andricus aries (Cynipoidea sp.) gall, Arnhem, the Netherlands - 2.jpg
Andricus aries (Cynipoidea sp.) gall, Arnhem, the Netherlands.jpg
Andricus foecundatrix (gallwasp) induced Artichoke gall on Quercus (oak).jpg
Urophora cardui (Canada thistle gall fly) larva inside gall in Cirsium sp., Arnhem, the Netherlands.jpg
Oyster Gall.JPG
Red spotted Oyster Gall.JPG
Clytus arietis (Wasp beetle), Arnhem, the Netherlands.JPG
Clytus arietis (Wasp beetle) , Arnhem, the Netherlands.JPG
Argiope bruennichi (wasp spider), Arnhem, the Netherlands.jpg
Argiope bruennichi (wasp spider) cocoon - eggsack, Arnhem, the Netherlands.jpg
Vulgichneumon saturatorius (Ichneumon wasp sp.), Arnhem, the Netherlands.jpg
Urophora cardui (Canada thistle gall fly) , Arnhem, the Netherlands.JPG
Urophora cardui (Canada thistle gall fly), Arnhem, the Netherlands.JPG
Dysaphis crataegi (Aphididae sp.) gall, Arnhem, the Netherlands - 3.jpg
Dysaphis crataegi (Aphididae sp.) gall, Arnhem, the Netherlands - 2.jpg
Urophora cardui (Canada thistle stem gall fly) female, Arnhem, the Netherlands - 2.jpg
Urophora cardui (Canada thistle stem gall fly) female, Arnhem, the Netherlands.jpg
Urophora stylata (Bull thistle gall fly) female, Arnhem, the Netherlands - 2.jpg
Urophora stylata (Bull thistle gall fly) female, Arnhem, the Netherlands.jpg
Developing Knopper galls.JPG
Cynips longiventris (Cynips), Arnhem, the Netherlands.jpg
Knopper gallsand acorn case.JPG
Diplolepis rosae (Cynipidae sp.), Arnhem, the Netherlands.jpg
Papilio machaon (Old World Swallowtail) caught in the web of a Argiope bruennichi (Wasp Spider), Arnhem, the Netherlands.jpg
Andricus curvator (Andricus sp.) gall, Nijmegen, the Netherlands - 2.jpg
Andricus curvator (Andricus sp.) gall, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.jpg
Andricus quadrilineatus (Gallwasp sp.) gall, Nijmegen, the Netherlands - 2.jpg
Andricus quadrilineatus (Gallwasp sp.) gall, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.jpg
Aceria erinea (Eriophyidae sp.) gall, Nijmegen, the Netherlands - 2.jpg
Aceria erinea (Eriophyidae sp.) gall, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.jpg
Hartigiola annulipes (Cecidomyiidae sp.) gall, Doorwerth, the Netherlands.jpg
Mikiola fagi (Cecidomyiidae sp.) gall, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.jpg
Lasioptera rubi (Diptera sp.) gall, Doorwerth, the Netherlands.jpg
Hartigiola annulipes (Cecidomyiidae sp.) gall, Doorwerth, the Netherlands - 2.jpg
Stenacis triradiatus (Eriophyes triradiatus) (willow witches' broom mite) induced gall on Salix sp. (Willow).jpg
Tetraneura ulmi (Aphididae sp.) gall, Elst (Gld), the Netherlands - 2.jpg
Tetraneura ulmi (Aphididae sp.) gall, Elst (Gld), the Netherlands.jpg
Andricus foecundatrix (Cynipoidea sp.) gall, Elst (Gld), the Netherlands - 2.jpg
Andricus foecundatrix (Cynipoidea sp.) gall, Elst (Gld), the Netherlands.jpg
Dasineura urticae (Cecidomyiidae sp.) gall, Elst (Gld), the Netherlands - 2.jpg
Dasineura urticae (Cecidomyiidae sp.) gall, Elst (Gld), the Netherlands.jpg
Tetraneura ulmi (Aphididae sp.) gall, Elst (Gld), the Netherlands - 3.jpg
Psyllopsis cf. fraxini (Aphalaridae sp.) gall, Hatertse Vennen, the Netherlands.jpg
Eriophyes prunispinosae (Acari sp.) gall, Elst (Gld), the Netherlands - 2.jpg
Eriophyes prunispinosae (Acari sp.) gall, Elst (Gld), the Netherlands.jpg
Taphrina farlowii (Taphrinaceae sp.), Mook, the Netherlands.jpg
Galls_of_Diastrophus_kincaidii_on_Rubus_parviflorus.jpg
Developing Oak Marble gall.JPG
Developing artichoke gall.JPG
Arnhem-Eusebiuskerk (2).JPG
Arnhem-Eusebiuskerk (3).JPG
Arnhem-Eusebiuskerk (4).JPG
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