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| Keywords: Phoneme-allophone-determination-chart.svg Simplified chart / decision tree to determine whether two sounds which occur in the words of a language are allophones of the same phoneme separate phonemes or in free variation For explanations of terms and procedures see articles Allophone Complementary distribution Minimal pair Free variation and Phoneme The classic example of sounds which are in complementary distribution in a language but which are not usually considered to be allophones of the same phoneme due to phonetic dissimilarity is the sounds h and ŋ in English Self-made graphic converted from the following vector PostScript source code <pre> -40 0 translate 1 0 0 setrgbcolor/Times-Roman 30 selectfont 71 65 moveto 543 0 rlineto 0 414 rlineto -543 0 rlineto closepath stroke gsave 33 69 rotate 365 149 moveto Y show -2 0 rmoveto es show grestore gsave -33 69 rotate 130 510 moveto No show grestore gsave 46 7788 rotate 226 21 moveto Y show -2 0 rmoveto es show grestore gsave -39 5226 rotate 70 322 moveto No show grestore gsave 46 3119 rotate 365 5 -135 moveto Y show -2 0 rmoveto es show grestore gsave -37 4054 rotate 246 432 moveto No show grestore 4 setlinewidth 1 setlinecap/Times-Roman 26 selectfont 85 454 moveto To determine the phonemic status of two sounds show 0 setgray/Times-Roman 24 selectfont 220 419 moveto Are the sounds in com- show 216 392 moveto plementary distribution show 119 271 moveto Are the sounds pho- show 120 244 moveto netically similar show 336 281 moveto Does substituting one show 339 254 moveto sound for the other show 339 227 moveto change meaning show 77 130 moveto They are allo- show 78 103 moveto phones of the show 78 76 moveto same phoneme show 277 130 moveto They belong to show 281 103 moveto two separate show 281 76 moveto phonemes show 477 121 moveto They are in show 475 94 moveto free variation show 326 385 moveto -135 -90 rmoveto 135 90 rlineto 120 -80 rlineto stroke 206 237 moveto -78 -83 rmoveto 78 83 rlineto 100 -82 5 rlineto stroke 410 221 moveto -64 -67 rmoveto 64 67 rlineto 102 -78 rlineto stroke showpage EOF</pre> 2011 AnonMoos Phonology Tree diagrams Decision diagrams Images with PostScript source code | ||||
