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| Keywords: Opisthorchis LifeCycle.gif Opisthorchiasis Opisthorchis felineus Opisthorchis viverrini Causal Agent Trematodes flukes Opisthorchis viverrini Southeast Asian liver fluke and O felineus cat liver fluke Life cycle of Opistorchis spp The adult flukes deposit fully developed eggs that are passed in the feces After ingestion by a suitable snail first intermediate host the eggs release miracidia which undergo in the snail several developmental stages sporocysts rediae cercariae Cercariae are released from the snail and penetrate freshwater fish second intermediate host encysting as metacercariae in the muscles or under the scales The mammalian definitive host cats dogs and various fish-eating mammals including humans become infected by ingesting undercooked fish containing metacercariae After ingestion the metacercariae excyst in the duodenum and ascend through the ampulla of Vater into the biliary ducts where they attach and develop into adults which lay eggs after 3 to 4 weeks The adult flukes O viverrini 5 mm to 10 mm by 1 mm to 2 mm; O felineus 7 mm to 12 mm by 2 mm to 3 mm reside in the biliary and pancreatic ducts of the mammalian host where they attach to the mucosa Geographic Distribution O viverrini is found mainly in northeast Thailand Laos and Kampuchea O felineus is found mainly in Europe and Asia including the former Soviet Union http //www dpd cdc gov/dpdx/images/ParasiteImages/M-R/Opisthorchiasis/Opisthorchis_LifeCycle gif PD-USGov other version of the image with photos under CC-BY license http //www plosmedicine org/article/slideshow action uri info doi/10 1371/journal pmed 0040201 imageURI info doi/10 1371/journal pmed 0040201 g002 Opisthorchiidae Life cycles of trematodes CDC lifecycles | ||||
