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| Keywords: M2-F1 in hangar with Pontiac tow vehicle DVIDS711901.jpg en The M2-F1 Lifting Body is seen here in a hangar with its hotrod Pontiac convertible tow vehicle at the Flight Research Center later the Dryden Flight Research Center Edwards California The car was a 1963 Pontiac Catalina convertible fitted with a 421-cubic-inch tripower engine like those being run at the Daytona 500 auto race The vehicle also had a four-speed transmission and a heavy-duty suspension and cooling system A roll bar was also added and the passenger seat turned around so an observer could watch the M2-F1 while it was being towed The rear seat was removed and a second side-facing seat installed The lifting-body team used the Pontiac for all the ground-tow flights over the next three years The wingless lifting body aircraft design was initially conceived as a means of landing an aircraft horizontally after atmospheric reentry The absence of wings would make the extreme heat of re-entry less damaging to the vehicle In 1962 Dryden management approved a program to build a lightweight unpowered lifting body as a prototype to flight test the wingless concept It would look like a flying bathtub and was designated the M2-F1 the M referring to manned and F referring to flight version It featured a plywood shell placed over a tubular steel frame crafted at Dryden Construction was completed in 1963 The first flight tests of the M2-F1 were over Rogers Dry Lake at the end of a tow rope attached to a hopped-up Pontiac convertible driven at speeds up to about 120 mph This vehicle needed to be able to tow the M2-F1 on the Rogers Dry Lakebed adjacent to NASA's Flight Research Center FRC at a minimum speed of 100 miles per hour To do that it had to handle the 400-pound pull of the M2-F1 Walter Whitey Whiteside who was a retired Air Force maintenance officer working in the FRC's Flight Operations Division was a dirt-bike rider and hot-rodder Together with Boyden Bud Bearce in the Procurement and Supply Branch of the FRC Whitey acquired a Pontiac Catalina convertible with the largest engine available He took the car to Bill Straup's renowned hot-rod shop near Long Beach for modification With a special gearbox and racing slicks the Pontiac could tow the 1 000-pound M2-F1 110 miles per hour in 30 seconds It proved adequate for the roughly 400 car tows that got the M2-F1 airborne to prove it could fly safely and to train pilots before they were towed behind a C-47 aircraft and released These initial car-tow tests produced enough flight data about the M2-F1 to proceed with flights behind the C-47 tow plane at greater altitudes The C-47 took the craft to an altitude of 12 000 where free flights back to Rogers Dry Lake began Pilot for the first series of flights of the M2-F1 was NASA research pilot Milt Thompson Typical glide flights with the M2-F1 lasted about two minutes and reached speeds of 110 to l20 mph A small solid landing rocket referred to as the instant L/D rocket was installed in the rear base of the M2-F1 This rocket which could be ignited by the pilot provided about 250 pounds of thrust for about 10 seconds The rocket could be used to extend the flight time near landing if needed More than 400 ground tows and 77 aircraft tow flights were carried out with the M2-F1 The success of Dryden's M2-F1 program led to NASA's development and construction of two heavyweight lifting bodies based on studies at NASA's Ames and Langley research centers--the M2-F2 and the HL-10 both built by the Northrop Corporation and the U S Air Force's X-24 program with an X-24A and -B built by Martin The Lifting Body program also heavily influenced the Space Shuttle program The M2-F1 program demonstrated the feasibility of the lifting body concept for horizontal landings of atmospheric entry vehicles It also demonstrated a procurement and management concept for prototype flight test vehicles that produced rapid results at very low cost approximately 50 000 excluding salaries of government employees assigned to the project NASA Identifier NIX-EC92-04152 2009-09-23 Glenn Research Center https //www dvidshub net/image/711901 711901 2012-10-10 17 07 WASHINGTON DC US PD-USGov NASA M2-F1 Images from DoD uploaded by Fæ | ||||
