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| Keywords: Egyptian - Scarab Amulet - Walters 422 - Bottom.jpg The ancient Egyptians believed that the dung beetle the Scarabaeus sacer was one of the manifestations of the sun god Representations of these beetles were used as amulets and for ritual or administrative purposes This particular seal represents the Nine Bows the many enemies of Ancient Egypt 9 being the plural of the plural 3 prisioners-3 X 3 but referring to any number; some lists of enemies listed in cartouches- city-tribe cartouches were in the 20's This seal impression Nine Bows overseen by Anubis is equivalent to the seal impressed in the clay ball sealing the rope on the door of King Tutankhamun's tomb The bottom of this scarab displays a motif that combines the figure of a jackal with nine captives The reclining jackal's head is raised and his tail hanging down Below his body are nine prisoners in three rows depicted; they are kneeling on the ground with their arms fettered behind their backs The jackal is the dominant icon in the composition according to his size and superior position The slim figures of the prisoners are not intended to represent individual persons but a group; all have the same posture and are placed in a symmetrical order; only the position of the fettered arms shows minor variations An oval line frames the motif The highest point of the back is the pronotum dorsal plate of the prothorax Pronotum and elytron wing cases have incised borderlines a double curved partition line and one division line between the wing cases with a scutellum small central triangle at the upper end The semicircular head is flanked by quarter-ovoid eyes; the side plates are quarter-circular and the clypeus front plate has two central base notches The raised extremities have natural form as well as diagonal hindlegs and vertical frontlegs hatch notches on the upper sides for tibial teeth and pilosity hair The proportions of the top are slightly unbalanced the elytron short and the clypeus and plates very large in comparison to the small head The base has a symmetrical long-oval shape The scarab is longitudinally pierced was originally mounted or threaded and used as an institutional funerary amulet The motif on the bottom represents the administrative seal of the Thebes' necropolis but was also used in other cemeteries Nevertheless the faience material makes it doubtful that the scarab was really used as an official seal It seems more likely that the scarab was used as a protective funerary amulet that should guarantee the security of the tomb in this world and be effective against dangers in the afterlife This seal was used since the late 18th Dynasty; comparable seal impressions were found e g in the tomb of king Tutankhamen and a seal matrix made of faience is today in the Myers Museum at the Eton College between 1330 1213 BC New Kingdom faience with green-blue glaze cm 4 8 2 9 1 7 accession number 42 2 3485 Henry Walters Baltimore 1924 mode of acquisition unknown Walters Art Museum Henry Walters Acquired by Henry Walters 1924 place of origin Egypt Walters Art Museum license Ancient Egyptian scarabs in the Walters Art Museum Scarab amulet Nine bows hieroglyphs Hieroglyphs on scarabs Recumbent canine hieroglyph Prisoner hieroglyph POWs in Ancient Egypt | ||||
