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| Keywords: Dutch p01.jpg en Anonymous tise on physiognomy Netherlands ca 1790 Physiognomy is the science of relating an individual's character personality and temperament to the shape of his or her face head and/or body The theories behind it go back to Hippocrates who believed that physical characteristics of the human body revealed personality traits; Aristotle performed studies on how hair limbs and facial features predicted personality and temperament Such theories thrived throughout the Middle Ages and the Renaissance and the noted Girolamo Cardano 1501-1576 was one of its main proponents By the 18th century the study of physiognomy was still taken very seriously as a medical topic with important additions to the field made by Johann Caspar Lavater 1741-1801 Franz Josef Gall 1758-1828 attempted to make its study even more scientific by measuring human and animal craniums to find correlations between skull shape and behavior founding the field of phrenology The author of this fine manuscript treatise and sketchbook on physiognomy is unknown The text is written in Dutch and was probably composed in the 1790s; it is possible that it was created as a dissertation by a medical student Further Reading Hagner M Prolegomena to a history of radical brains in the nineteenth century physiognomics phrenology brain anatomy Physis Riv Int Stor Sci 1999; 36 2 321-38 Howells J G ; and M L Osborn A reference companion to the history of psychology Westport CT Greenwood Press 1984 Jenkinson J Face facts a history of physiognomy from ancient Mesopotamia to the end of the 19th century J Biocommun 1997; 24 3 2-7 An example of the 20th-century clinical literature on physiognomy Paterson D G Physique and intellect New York The Century Company 1930 2013-11-18 09 57 36 https //www nlm nih gov/exhibition/historicalanatomies/dutch_home html Anonymous tise on physiognomy Netherlands ca 1790 PD-Art Uploaded with UploadWizard Anatomy Historical anatomy Physiognomy | ||||
